Reducing agent injection device and exhaust gas treatment method

ABSTRACT

A reducing agent injection device includes a honeycomb structure and a urea spraying device spraying a urea water solution in mist form. A pair of electrode members is formed in the honeycomb structure. The honeycomb structure of the reducing agent injection device, the hydraulic diameter HD, defined as HD=4×S/C, when the area of the cross section of one of the cells in the cross section perpendicular to the cell extending direction is S, and the peripheral length of the cross section of one of the cells is C, is 0.8 to 2.0 mm. Also, the open frontal area OFA of the honeycomb structure in the cross section perpendicular to the cell extending direction is 45 to 80%.

The present application is an application based on JP-2016-068911 filedon Mar. 30, 2016 with Japan Patent Office, the entire contents of whichare incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a reducing agent injection device topurify exhaust gas, and an exhaust gas treatment device.

Description of the Related Art

Conventionally, a selective catalytic reduction type NO_(X) catalyst (anSCR catalyst) has been used to purify nitrogen oxides (NO_(X)) in theexhaust gas discharged from various kinds of engines and the like (forexample, see Patent Document 1).

The exhaust gas purifying device described in Patent Document 1 has acatalyst (an SCR catalyst) mounted on an exhaust pipe of an engine andmeans for injecting urea water into the exhaust pipe between the engineand the catalyst. Moreover, a plurality of urea water injection means,which mixes the urea water and the exhaust gas, and mixes the urea waterwith the exhaust gas while causing the urea water to react with aspecific component in the exhaust gas by the catalyst, are provided in aplurality of places.

Because the exhaust gas purifying device described in Patent Document 1decomposes the urea water by heat of the exhaust gas (necessary to be200° C. or more), there has been a problem that urea is less likely toreact when the temperature of the exhaust gas lowers due to improvementof fuel consumption of the engine and the like.

Therefore, an exhaust gas treatment device that promotes a decompositionof urea to NH₃, by adding urea to an electrically heated honeycombstructure (honeycomb heater) has been suggested (Patent Document 2).NO_(X) purification becomes possible also in the low temperature regionof the exhaust gas by adding to a pipe as NH₃ gas.

[Patent Document 1] JP-A-2007-327377

[Patent Document 2] WO 2014/148506

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

However, when urea is added to an electrically heated honeycombstructure (honeycomb heater), the temperature of a portion to which ureais added is lowered, and temperature unevenness in the honeycomb heateroccurs. Therefore, there has been a concern that urea deposit (deposit:crystal caused by urea) is formed at a low-temperature section. Whenurea deposit is generated, the path of the honeycomb heater is cut, anddecomposition of urea to NH₃ is inhibited, thus it leads to a functionalloss.

Urea deposit tends to depend on the temperature of the honeycomb heaterwhen urea is added, thus increase in energizing power is effective forsuppressing urea deposit. However, when the amount of urea added isincreased, the temperature of the honeycomb heater is further lowered,and high electric power is necessary, thus the temperature distributionin the honeycomb heater also becomes larger, and it leads to breakage ofthe honeycomb heater.

An object of the present invention is to provide a reducing agentinjection device that can suppress urea deposit, in an exhaust gastreatment device that promotes decomposition of urea to NH₃, by addingurea to an electrically heated honeycomb structure (honeycomb heater),and an exhaust gas treatment device provided therewith.

In order to solve the above problem, according to the present invention,the following reducing agent injection device, and exhaust gas treatmentdevice are provided.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a reducing agentinjection device is provided, including: a honeycomb structure that hasa pillar-shaped honeycomb structure body having partition walls definingand forming a plurality of cells which is through channels of a fluidand extends from a first end face being an end face on an inflow side ofthe fluid to a second end face being an end face on an outflow side ofthe fluid, and that has at least a pair of electrode members arranged ina side surface of the honeycomb structure body; and a urea sprayingdevice that sprays a urea water solution in mist form, wherein each ofthe pair of electrode members is formed in a band shape extending to acell extending direction of the honeycomb structure body, and oneelectrode member of the pair of electrode members is arranged on anopposite side of the other electrode member of the pair of electrodemembers with respect to a center of the honeycomb structure bodysandwiched by the pair of electrode members, in the cross sectionperpendicular to the cell extending direction, the hydraulic diameterHD, defined as HD=4×S/C, when the area of the cross section of one ofthe cells in the cross section perpendicular to the cell extendingdirection is S, and the peripheral length of the cross section of one ofthe cells is C, is 0.8 to 2.0 mm, the open frontal area OFA of thehoneycomb structure in the cross section perpendicular to the cellextending direction is 45 to 80%, and the urea water solution sprayedfrom the urea spraying device is supplied into the cells from the firstend face of the honeycomb structure body, and urea in the urea watersolution supplied into the cells is heated and hydrolyzed in theelectrically heated honeycomb structure body to generate ammonia, andthe ammonia is discharged outside the honeycomb structure body from thesecond end face and is injected outside.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, an exhaust gastreatment device, including: an exhaust pipe that flows an exhaust gascontaining NO_(X); the reducing agent injection device as defined in theitem according to the first aspect that injects the ammonia into theexhaust pipe; and an SCR catalyst arranged on a downstream side of theexhaust pipe with respect to a position where the ammonia is injected.

According to the reducing agent injection device of the presentinvention, the urea water solution sprayed by the urea spraying deviceis supplied into the cell of the honeycomb structure. Then, the urea inthe urea water solution is heated and hydrolyzed in the electricallyheated honeycomb structure to generate ammonia, and the generatedammonia is injected. The reducing agent injection device of the presentinvention does not cause clogging of cells of a honeycomb structure byurea deposit (also simply referred to as deposit) by setting the openfrontal area OFA of the honeycomb structure and the hydraulic diameterHD within predetermined ranges.

According to the exhaust gas treatment device of the present invention,because the reducing agent injection device of the present inventiondescribed above is included, ammonia can be generated from the ureawater solution with less energy even when the exhaust gas is at lowtemperature.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section of one embodimentof a reducing agent injection device of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a plane view schematically showing an end face of a honeycombstructure constituting one embodiment of a reducing agent injectiondevice of the present invention; and

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section of one embodimentof an exhaust gas treatment device of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Hereinbelow, the embodiments of the present invention are described inreference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to thefollowing embodiments, and a change, modification and improvement may beadded without departing from the scope of the invention.

(1) Reducing Agent Injection Device:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section (cross sectionparallel to a cell 16 extending direction of a honeycomb structure body11) of one embodiment of a reducing agent injection device 100 of thepresent invention. As shown in FIG. 1, one embodiment of the reducingagent injection device 100 of the present invention includes thehoneycomb structure 1 (also referred to as honeycomb heater) and a ureaspraying device 2 spraying a urea water solution in mist form. Thehoneycomb structure 1 has a pillar-shaped honeycomb structure body 11and a pair of electrode members 12 and 12 arranged in a side surface ofthe honeycomb structure body 11. The honeycomb structure body 11 has“partition walls 15 defining and forming “a plurality of cells 16 whichis through channels of a fluid and extends from a first end face 13being an end face on an inflow side of the fluid to a second end face 14being an end face on an outflow side of the fluid.”” Each of the pair ofelectrode members 12 and 12 is formed in a band shape extending in thecell 16 extending direction of the honeycomb structure body 11. In across section perpendicular to the cell 16 extending direction, oneelectrode member 12 of the pair of electrode members 12 and 12 isarranged on an opposite side of the other electrode member 12 of thepair of electrode members 12 and 12 sandwiching a center of thehoneycomb structure body 11. The electrode member 12 is constituted byat least one pair, and may be constituted by plural pairs for improvingheat generating efficiency of a heater.

The honeycomb structure 1 of the reducing agent injection device 100,the hydraulic diameter HD, defined as HD=4×S/C, when the area of thecross section of one of the cells 16 in the cross section perpendicularto the cell 16 extending direction is S, and the peripheral length ofthe cross section of one of the cells 16 is C, is 0.8 to 2.0 mm. Also,the open frontal area OFA of the honeycomb structure 1 in the crosssection perpendicular to the cell 16 extending direction is 45 to 80%.The open frontal area OFA is a value calculated as the ratio of theopening area of cells to the total cross sectional area (containingcircumferential walls and opening portions of cells, not containingelectrode members) of the cross section perpendicular to the cell 16extending direction of the honeycomb structure 1. The hydraulic diameterHD is more preferably 0.9 to 1.9 mm, and further preferably 1.0 to 1.7mm. Also, the open frontal area OFA is more preferably 50 to 80%, andfurther preferably 60 to 80%. Clogging of cells 16 by urea deposit canbe prevented by setting the hydraulic diameter and open frontal areawithin above ranges.

When the exhaust gas temperature is low, a honeycomb heater (honeycombstructure 1) is electrically heated. In this case, when the open frontalarea OFA is larger than 80%, a heat generation part of the honeycombheater is small, and a heater output is lowered. Then, urea cannot besufficiently decomposed, and urea deposit is likely to be generated. Onthe other hand, when the open frontal area OFA is smaller than 45%, heatcapacity of the honeycomb heater becomes large, and the honeycomb heatertends to be low temperature due to power shortage. Then, urea cannot besufficiently decomposed, and urea deposit is likely to be generated.When power is increased, the honeycomb heater is likely to be broken.

Also, when the honeycomb heater (honeycomb structure 1) is electricallyheated, in a hydraulic diameter HD of larger than 2.0 mm, blow-by ofurea is likely to occur, and the generation amount of ammonia is likelyto decrease. Namely, the urea decomposition efficiency is likely to belowered. Therefore, when the hydraulic diameter is 2.0 mm or less,blow-by of urea is likely to be reduced, and the urea decompositionefficiency is improved.

When the exhaust gas temperature is high a honeycomb heater (honeycombstructure 1) is not electrically heated. In this case, the open frontalarea does not much affect the urea decomposition efficiency. Also, whenthe honeycomb heater (honeycomb structure 1) is not electrically heated,in a large hydraulic diameter, the urea permeability is improved, andthere is no problem. On the other hand, when the hydraulic diameter issmall, urea remains in the honeycomb heater, and urea crystal depositseasily to evaporate moisture. Based on the above, in order to suppressurea deposit and improve function of the reducing agent injection device100, it is preferable to set the open frontal area to 45 to 80% and thehydraulic diameter to 0.8 to 2.0 mm.

In the reducing agent injection device 100 of the embodiment, a ureawater solution a sprayed from the urea spraying device 2 is suppliedinto the cell 16 from the first end face 13 of the honeycomb structurebody 11. Then, urea in the urea water solution supplied into the cell 16is heated and hydrolyzed in the electrically heated honeycomb structurebody 11 to generate ammonia (reducing agent). Moreover, ammonia b isdischarged outside the honeycomb structure body 11 from the second endface 14.

In the reducing agent injection device 100 of the embodiment, a rawmaterial for generation of ammonia is the urea water solution.Therefore, a urea water solution distributed on the market (for example,AdBlue (a urea water solution of 32.5% by mass: a registered trademarkof the German Automotive Industry Association (VDA)) can be used.Accordingly, it is also highly convenient in terms of procurement of aurea water solution as a raw material for generation of ammonia.

In the reducing agent injection device 100 of the embodiment, thehoneycomb structure 1 is housed in a tubular outer cylinder 4. Thehoneycomb structure 1 is secured inside the outer cylinder 4 by theinsulation supporting portion 5.

As shown in FIG. 2, in the honeycomb structure 1, the shape of the firstend face 13 of the honeycomb structure body 11 is preferably square. Theshape of the first end face 13 is not limited to a square shape, and maybe a rectangular shape, other polygonal shape, a round shape or an ovalshape or the like. The shape of the first end face 13 is the same asthat of the second end face 14, and further preferably also the same asthat of a cross section, which is perpendicular to the cell 16 extendingdirection of the honeycomb structure body 11.

In addition, a urea spraying space 3 is preferably formed between thefirst end face 13 of the honeycomb structure body 11 and the ureaspraying device 2. The urea spraying space 3 is a space formed by thefirst end face 13 of the honeycomb structure 1, the urea spraying device2, and the outer cylinder 4. In the reducing agent injection device 100of the embodiment, when the urea spraying space 3 is formed, the ureawater solution a sprayed from the urea spraying device 2 is suppliedinto the cell 16 from the first end face 13 of the honeycomb structurebody 11 through the urea spraying space 3.

The outer cylinder 4 has a tubular shape having the inlet side endportion 21 as one end portion and the outlet side end portion 22 as theother end portion. At a distal end of the outlet side end portion 22,the injection port 23 as an open end for injection of the ammonia gas isformed. Inside the inlet side end portion 21 of the outer cylinder 4,the urea spraying device 2 is mounted. The material of the outercylinder 4 is preferably stainless steel and the like.

The honeycomb structure 1 is secured (held) inside the outer cylinder 4by the insulation supporting portion 5. This ensures insulation betweenthe honeycomb structure 1 and the outer cylinder 4. The material of theinsulation supporting portion 5 is preferably alumina. There may be aportion (space), where the insulation supporting portion 5 is notarranged, between the honeycomb structure 1 and the outer cylinder 4.Also, the whole outer circumference of the honeycomb structure 1 may becovered by the insulation supporting portion 5.

The reducing agent injection device 100 of the embodiment is configuredsuch that the ammonia discharged from the second end face 14 of thehoneycomb structure 1 is injected from the injection port 23 through theinside of the outlet side end portion 22 of the outer cylinder 4.

The following further describes the reducing agent injection device 100of the embodiment by respective constituent components.

(1-1) Honeycomb Structure:

In the reducing agent injection device 100 of the embodiment, thehoneycomb structure 1 includes the honeycomb structure body 11 and thepair of electrode members 12 and 12, as described above. The honeycombstructure 1 has partition walls 15 defining and forming “a plurality ofcells 16 which is through channels of a fluid and extends from a firstend face 13 to a second end face 14”.

In the honeycomb structure body 11, a circumferential wall 17 isarranged outside the partition wall 15. In the honeycomb structure body11, the material of the partition wall 15 and the circumferential wall17 is preferably ceramic. Especially, the material of the partition wall15 and the circumferential wall 17 preferably contains a“silicon-silicon carbide composite material”, “silicon carbide” and thelike as a main component. Among these, the material further preferablycontains a “silicon-silicon carbide composite material” as a maincomponent. By using such materials, it becomes easier to adjustelectrical resistivity of the honeycomb structure body 11 to any valueby change of a ratio of silicon carbide to silicon. Here, thesilicon-silicon carbide composite material contains silicon carbideparticles as aggregates and metal silicon as a bonding material forbonding the silicon carbide particles. In the silicon-silicon carbidecomposite material, a plurality of silicon carbide particles ispreferably bonded by metal silicon. The above-described “siliconcarbide” is formed by the silicon carbide particles sintered together.The “main component” herein means the component occupying 90% by mass ormore.

The electrical resistivity of the honeycomb structure body 11 ispreferably from 0.01 Ωcm to 500 Ωcm, and is further preferably from 0.1Ωcm to 200 Ωcm. This allows causing the honeycomb structure 1 (honeycombstructure body 11) to effectively generate heat by application ofvoltage to the pair of electrode members 12 and 12. Especially, theabove-described electrical resistivity preferably causes the honeycombstructure 1 (honeycomb structure body 11) to generate heat to 160° C. to600° C. by use of a power source with voltages of 12 V to 200 V. Theelectrical resistivity of the honeycomb structure body 11 is a value at25° C. The electrical resistivity of the honeycomb structure body 11 isthe value measured by a four-terminal method.

In the honeycomb structure body 11, the surface area per unit volume ispreferably 5 cm²/cm³ or more, further preferably from 8 cm²/cm³ to 45cm²/cm³, and especially preferably from 20 cm²/cm³ to 40 cm²/cm³. Whenthe surface area per unit volume is smaller than 5 cm²/cm³, a contactarea with urea water becomes smaller, so that the treatment rate of theurea water solution, namely the generation amount (generation rate) ofammonia may decrease. The surface area of the honeycomb structure body11 is the area of the surface of the partition wall 15 of the honeycombstructure body 11.

In the honeycomb structure 1 (honeycomb structure body 11), thethickness of the partition wall 15 is preferably from 0.06 mm to 1.5 mm,and further preferably from 0.10 mm to 0.80 mm. When the thickness ofthe partition wall 15 is thicker than 1.5 mm, the pressure loss becomeslarger, and the treatment rate of the urea water solution, namely thegeneration amount (generation rate) of ammonia may decrease. When thethickness of the partition wall 15 is thinner than 0.06 mm, it may bebroken by thermal shock by energization. When the shape of the cell 16(the shape perpendicular to the cell extending direction) is a roundshape, the thickness of the partition wall 15 means the thickness of thepartition wall 15 for “a portion where the distance between the cells isshortest (the portion where the partition wall 15 is thinnest).” Thecell density is preferably from 7 cells/cm² to 140 cells/cm², andfurther preferably from 15 cells/cm² to 120 cells/cm². When the celldensity is smaller than 7 cells/cm², the contact area with urea waterbecomes smaller, so that the treatment rate of the urea water solution,namely the generation amount (generation rate) of the ammonia maydecrease. When the cell density is larger than 140 cells/cm², thepressure loss becomes larger, and the treatment rate of the urea watersolution, namely the generation amount (generation rate) of ammonia maydecrease.

As to the size of the honeycomb structure 1, the area of the first endface 13 (the second end face 14) is preferably from 50 mm² to 10000 mm²,and further preferably 100 mm² to 8000 mm².

In the honeycomb structure 1, the shape of the cells 16 in the crosssection perpendicular to the cell 16 extending direction is preferably around shape, an oval shape, a quadrilateral shape, a hexagonal shape oran octagonal shape, or a combination of these shapes. Forming the shapeof the cell in this way decreases the pressure loss when flowing theexhaust gas in the honeycomb structure 1 and makes it possible toefficiently hydrolyze the urea. In the honeycomb structure 1 shown inFIG. 2, the shape of the cells 16 in the cross section (the first endface) perpendicular to the cell 16 extending direction is a round shape.

Each of the pair of electrode members 12 and 12 is formed in a bandshape extending in the cell 16 extending direction of the honeycombstructure body 11. Further, the electrode member 12 is preferably formedin a wider width expanding also in a circumferential direction of thehoneycomb structure body 11. In the cross section perpendicular to thecell 16 extending direction, one electrode member 12 is arranged in theopposite side with respect to the other electrode member 12 with acenter of the honeycomb structure body 11 sandwiched. This can reducedeviation of a current flowing inside the honeycomb structure body 11when a voltage is applied between the pair of electrode members 12 and12. Then, this can reduce variation of heat generation inside thehoneycomb structure body 11.

In the honeycomb structure 1, the main component of the electrode member12 is preferably the same as the main component of the partition wall 15and the circumferential wall 17.

The electrical resistivity of the electrode member 12 is preferably from0.0001 Ωcm to 100 Ωcm, and further preferably from 0.001 Ωcm to 50 Ωcm.By setting a range of the electrical resistivity of the electrode member12 as just described, the pair of electrode members 12 and 12effectively performs a function as electrodes inside the pipe where thehigh temperature exhaust gas flows. In the honeycomb structure 1, theelectrical resistivity of the electrode member 12 is preferably lowerthan the electrical resistivity of the honeycomb structure body 11. Theelectrical resistivity of the electrode member 12 is the value at 25° C.Also, the electrical resistivity of the electrode member 12 is the valuemeasured by a four-terminal method.

In each of the electrode members 12 and 12, an electrode terminalprojecting portion 18 for connection with electrical wiring from outsidemay be arranged, respectively. The material of the electrode terminalprojecting portion 18 may be a conductive ceramic or metal. The materialof the electrode terminal projecting portion 18 is preferably the sameas that of the electrode member 12. Also, the electrode terminalprojecting portion 18 and the connector 6 of the outer cylinder 4 arepreferably connected by electrical wiring 7.

It is preferable that a urea hydrolysis catalyst 40 is provided in thehoneycomb structure 1 (honeycomb structure body 11). Thereby, ammoniacan be efficiently generated from urea. As the urea hydrolysis catalyst40, copper zeolite, aluminum oxide and the like can be included.

(1-2) Urea Spraying Device:

The urea spraying device 2 is preferably a solenoid type, an ultrasonictype, a piezoelectric actuator type, or an atomizer type. By using thesetypes, the urea water solution can be sprayed in mist form. Among thesetypes, use of the solenoid type, the ultrasonic type, or thepiezoelectric actuator type makes it possible to spray the urea watersolution in mist form without use of air. Accordingly, the honeycombstructure 1 does not need to heat even the air used for the ureainjection and can reduce an energy amount for heating. Furthermore, areduction of an injection volume due to no injection air allowsdecreasing a speed at which “the urea water solution in mist form”passes through the honeycomb structure 1, and thus this ensures having alonger reaction time necessary for hydrolysis. A size (diameter) ofdroplets of the urea water solution sprayed from the urea sprayingdevice 2 is preferably 0.3 mm or less. When the size of droplets islarger than 0.3 mm, the droplets may be less likely to evaporate whenthey receive heat from the honeycomb structure 1.

A urea spraying device 2 of a solenoid type is a device that sprays aurea water solution in mist form by “vibration of a solenoid” or“forward and backward movement of a piston due to an electric field whena solenoid is used”.

A urea spraying device 2 of an ultrasonic type is a device that sprays aurea water solution in mist form by an ultrasonic vibration.

A urea spraying device 2 of a piezoelectric actuator type is a devicethat sprays a urea water solution in mist form by a vibration of apiezoelectric element.

A urea spraying device 2 of an atomizer type is, for example, a devicethat, while drawing up a fluid by a tube, blows off “the fluid drawn upin an open end at a distal end of this tube” in mist form by air, andsprays this fluid. Also, a urea spraying device 2 of an atomizer typemay be even a device that sprays a fluid in mist form from a pluralityof small open ends formed at a distal end of a nozzle of the device.

In the reducing agent injection device 100 of the embodiment, the ureawater solution is preferably sprayed toward the first end face 13 of thehoneycomb structure 1 from the urea spraying device 2. That is, in theurea spraying device 2, a spraying direction (ejected direction ofdroplets) of the urea water solution preferably faces to the first endface 13 of the honeycomb structure 1.

(2) Manufacturing Method of Reducing Agent Injection Device:

(2-1) Manufacturing of Honeycomb Structure:

When the honeycomb structure 1 is made of ceramic, the manufacturingmethod of the honeycomb structure 1 is preferably the manufacturingmethod described as follows. The manufacturing method of the honeycombstructure 1 preferably includes a honeycomb formed body forming process,a dried honeycomb body forming process, an unfired electrode providedhoneycomb body forming process, and a honeycomb structure formingprocess.

(2-1-1) Honeycomb Formed Body Forming Process:

In the honeycomb formed body forming process, the honeycomb formed bodyis preferably formed by extrusion of the forming raw material. Theforming raw material is preferably a raw material containing a ceramicraw material and an organic binder. In the forming raw material, asurfactant, a sintering additive, a pore former, water and the likebesides a ceramic raw material and an organic binder are preferablycontained. The forming raw material can be prepared by mixture of theseraw materials.

The ceramic raw material in the forming raw material is “ceramic” or “araw material which becomes ceramic by firing.” The ceramic raw materialbecomes ceramic after firing in both cases. The ceramic raw material inthe forming raw material preferably contains metal silicon and siliconcarbide particles (silicon carbide powder) as main components or siliconcarbide particles (silicon carbide powder) as a main component.Accordingly, the obtained honeycomb structure 1 exhibits electricalconductivity. Metal silicon is also preferably metal silicon particles(metal silicon powder). Also, “containing metal silicon and the siliconcarbide particles as main components” means that a total mass of themetal silicon and silicon carbide particles is 90% by mass or more ofthe whole material (ceramic raw material). Moreover, as componentscontained in the ceramic raw material other than main component, SiO₂,SrCO₃, Al₂O₃, MgCO₃, cordierite and the like can be included.

When silicon carbide is used as the main component of the ceramic rawmaterial, the silicon carbide is sintered by firing. Also, when metalsilicon and silicon carbide particles are used as the main component ofthe ceramic raw material, the silicon carbide as aggregates can bebonded together by firing with metal silicon used as a bonding material.

When silicon carbide particles (silicon carbide powder) and metalsilicon particles (metal silicon powder) are used as the ceramic rawmaterial, the mass of the metal silicon particles is preferably from 10%by mass to 40% by mass with respect to the total of the mass of thesilicon carbide particles and the mass of the metal silicon particles.The average particle diameter of the silicon carbide particles ispreferably from 10 μm to 50 μm, and further preferably from 15 μm to 35μm. The average particle diameter of the metal silicon particles ispreferably from 0.1 μm to 20 μm, and further preferably from 1 μm to 10μm. The average particle diameters of the silicon carbide particles andmetal silicon particles are values measured by a laser diffractionmethod.

As the organic binder, methyl cellulose, glycerin, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and the like can be included. As the organic binder, one kindof organic binder may be used, and plural kinds of organic binders maybe used. The content of the organic binder is preferably from 5 parts bymass to 10 parts by mass when the total mass of the ceramic raw materialis 100 parts by mass.

As the surfactant, ethylene glycol, dextrin and the like can be used. Asthe surfactant, one kind of surfactant may be used, and plural kinds ofsurfactants may be used. The content of the surfactant is preferablyfrom 0.1 parts by mass to 2.0 parts by mass when the total mass of theceramic raw material is 100 parts by mass.

As the sintering additive, SiO₂, SrCO₃, Al₂O₃, MgCO₃, cordierite and thelike can be used. As the sintering additive, one kind of sinteringadditive may be used, and plural kinds of sintering additives may beused. The content of the sintering additive is preferably from 0.1 partsby mass to 3 parts by mass when the total mass of the ceramic rawmaterial is 100 parts by mass.

The pore former is not especially limited as long as it forms poresafter firing, and, for example, graphite, starch, a foamable resin, awater absorbable resin, silica gel and the like can be included as thepore former. As the pore former, one kind of pore former may be used,and plural kinds of pore formers may be used. The content of the poreformer is preferably from 0.5 parts by mass to 10 parts by mass when thetotal mass of the ceramic raw material is 100 parts by mass.

The content of water is preferably 20 parts by mass to 60 parts by masswhen the total mass of the ceramic raw material is 100 parts by mass.

When extruding the forming raw material, first, the forming raw materialis preferably kneaded to form a kneaded material.

Next, the kneaded material is preferably extruded to form the honeycombformed body. The honeycomb formed body has porous partition walls 15defining and forming “a plurality of cells which is through channels ofa fluid and extends from a first end face being an end face on an inflowside of the fluid to a second end face being an end face on an outflowside of the fluid”. The honeycomb formed body formed to have acircumferential wall positioned in an outermost circumference is also apreferable aspect. The partition wall of the honeycomb formed body is anundried and unfired partition wall.

(2-1-2) Dried Honeycomb Body Forming Process:

The dried honeycomb body forming process is preferably a process to drythe obtained honeycomb formed body and form a dried honeycomb body. Adrying condition is not especially limited, and a known condition can beused. It is preferable, for example, to dry for 0.5 hours to 5 hours at80° C. to 120° C.

(2-1-3) Unfired Electrode Provided Honeycomb Body Forming Process:

In the unfired electrode provided honeycomb body forming process, slurryfor electrode formation containing the ceramic raw material and water ispreferably applied over the side surface of the dried honeycomb body.Thereafter, the slurry for electrode formation is preferably dried toform an unfired electrode and form an unfired electrode providedhoneycomb body.

In the unfired electrode provided honeycomb body, the unfired electrodehaving rectangular shape with a wider width, which extends to the cellextending direction in a band shape and expands also in acircumferential direction, is preferably formed to the dried honeycombbody. The circumferential direction is a direction along the sidesurface of the dried honeycomb body in a cross section perpendicular tothe cell extending direction.

The slurry for electrode formation used in the unfired electrodeprovided honeycomb body forming process contains the ceramic rawmaterial and water, and preferably contains the surfactant, the poreformer, water and the like, besides these materials.

As the ceramic raw material, it is preferable to use the ceramic rawmaterial used when the honeycomb formed body is formed. For example,when the main components of the ceramic raw material used when thehoneycomb formed body is formed are silicon carbide particles and metalsilicon, the silicon carbide particles and metal silicon are preferablyused also as the ceramic raw material of the slurry for electrodeformation.

The method to apply the slurry for electrode formation over the sidesurface of the dried honeycomb body is not especially limited. Forexample, the method to apply by use of a brush or a printing techniquecan be employed.

Viscosity of the slurry for electrode formation is preferably 500 Pa·sor less, and further preferably 10 Pa·s to 200 Pa·s, at 20° C. Theviscosity exceeding 500 Pa·s may make it difficult to apply the slurryfor electrode formation over the side surface of the dried honeycombbody.

After application of the slurry for electrode formation to the driedhoneycomb body, the slurry for electrode formation is preferably driedto form the unfired electrode (unfired electrode provided honeycombbody). The drying temperature is preferably 80° C. to 120° C. The dryingtime is preferably 0.1 hours to 5 hours.

Next, a urea hydrolysis catalyst 40 is loaded onto the honeycombstructure 1. As the urea hydrolysis catalyst 40, for example, aluminumoxide can be used. As the method of loading the urea hydrolysis catalyst40 onto a partition wall 15 of the honeycomb structure 1, for example,the honeycomb structure 1 is immersed in a container in which slurry ofthe urea hydrolysis catalyst 40 is stored. The viscosity of the slurryof the urea hydrolysis catalyst 40, the particle size of the containedurea hydrolysis catalyst 40 and the like are adjusted, whereby thecatalyst can be loaded onto not only the surface of the partition wall15, but also the inside of pores of the partition wall 15, and further,the amount of the loaded catalyst can be also adjusted. Also, aspirationof slurry is performed a plurality of times, whereby the amount of theloaded catalyst can be also adjusted.

(2-1-4) Honeycomb Structure Forming Process:

The honeycomb structure forming process is a process to form a honeycombstructure 1 by firing the unfired electrode provided honeycomb body.

The firing condition can be appropriately determined based on theceramic raw material used for manufacturing of the honeycomb formed bodyand the kind of the ceramic raw material used for the slurry forelectrode formation.

Moreover, after the unfired electrode provided honeycomb body is dried,before firing, calcination is preferably performed for reducing thebinder and the like. The calcination is preferably performed for 0.5hours to 20 hours at 400° C. to 500° C. under the air atmosphere.

(2-2) Manufacturing of Reducing Agent Injection Device:

The reducing agent injection device 100 is preferably manufactured asfollows: a connector connecting electrical wiring from outside ismounted on the outer cylinder 4, and then the honeycomb structure 1 andthe urea spraying device 2 are housed and secured in the outer cylinder4.

The outer cylinder 4 is preferably formed by forming a material, such asstainless steel, in a tubular shape. The honeycomb structure 1 ispreferably secured inside the outer cylinder 4 by the insulationsupporting portion. Also, when there is a portion (space) where theinsulation supporting portion between the honeycomb structure 1 and theouter cylinder 4 is not arranged, it is preferable to fill it with aninsulating member.

(3) Method for Using Reducing Agent Injection Device:

The following describes a method for using the reducing agent injectiondevice 100 (see FIG. 1) of the embodiment.

The reducing agent injection device 100, when a urea water solution issupplied, can hydrolyze urea in the supplied urea water solution, andinject ammonia. The urea water solution is a raw material for generationof ammonia. Further, specifically, after energizing the honeycombstructure 1 to raise its temperature (heating) and supplying the ureawater solution to the urea spraying device 2, the urea water solution inmist form is preferably sprayed into the urea spraying space 3 from theurea spraying device 2. When the urea water solution is sprayed from theurea spraying device 2, the urea water solution is preferably sprayedtoward the first end face 13 of the honeycomb structure 1. Then, theurea water solution in mist form (the urea water solution a sprayed fromthe urea spraying device 2) sprayed into the urea spraying space 3 isheated by the honeycomb structure 1 and evaporates. Because the pressureinside the urea spraying space 3 increases due to evaporation of theurea water solution, urea and water enter into the cell 16 of thehoneycomb structure 1 from the first end face 13. The urea supplied intothe cell 16 is hydrolyzed by the temperature of the heated honeycombstructure 1, and ammonia b is generated.

The supply amount of the urea water solution is preferably 1.0 to 2.0 interms of an equivalence ratio with respect to the amount of nitrogenoxides contained in the exhaust gas. When the supply amount of the ureawater solution is 1.0 or less in terms of the equivalence ratio, theamount of nitrogen oxide discharged without being purified may increase.When the supply amount of the urea water solution exceeds 2.0 in termsof the equivalence ratio, it may be more likely that the exhaust gas isdischarged with ammonia mixed in the exhaust gas.

The urea water solution is preferably the urea water solution of 10% bymass to 40% by mass. When the value is lower than 10% by mass, because alarge amount of urea water is required to be injected for NO_(X)reduction, the amount of electric power used in a honeycomb heater mayincrease. When the value is higher than 40% by mass, there is a concernthat urea solidifies in cold region. In the most preferable example,AdBlue (32.5% by mass urea water solution) widely distributed on themarket is used.

The temperature of the honeycomb structure 1 is preferably 160° C. ormore, further preferably 160° C. to 600° C., and especially preferably160° C. to 400° C. When the temperature is lower than 160° C., it may bedifficult to hydrolyze urea. When the temperature is higher than 600°C., ammonia is burnt, and ammonia may not be supplied to the exhaustpipe. Also, the temperature of the honeycomb structure 1 is preferably360° C. or more in that a sulfur compound, such as ammonium hydrogensulfate and ammonium sulfate, which deposits in the reducing agentinjection device 100 can be removed.

The maximum voltage to be applied to the honeycomb structure 1 ispreferably 12 V to 200 V, further preferably 12 V to 100 V, andespecially preferably 12 V to 48 V. When the maximum voltage is lowerthan 12 V, it may be difficult to raise the temperature of the honeycombstructure 1. The maximum voltage higher than 200 V requires a moreexpensive voltage booster and is not preferable.

(4) Exhaust Gas Treatment Device:

One embodiment (exhaust gas treatment device 200) of the exhaust gastreatment device of the present invention includes, as shown in FIG. 3,an exhaust pipe 51, a reducing agent injection device 100, an SCRcatalyst 52 arranged on “the downstream side of the exhaust pipe 51 withrespect to the position where ammonia is injected.” The reducing agentinjection device 100 injects ammonia into the exhaust pipe 51. Theexhaust pipe 51 is a pipe that flows “an exhaust gas c containingNO_(X).”

The exhaust pipe 51 is a pipe passing the exhaust gas (the exhaust gas ccontaining NO_(X)) discharged from various kinds of engines, and theexhaust gas and ammonia are mixed in the exhaust pipe 51. The size ofthe exhaust pipe 51 is not especially limited and can be appropriatelydetermined in accordance with an exhaust system of an engine and thelike where the exhaust gas treatment device 200 of the embodiment ismounted. Though the length in the gas flowing direction in the exhaustpipe 51 is not especially limited, it is preferable for the length tomake a distance between the reducing agent injection device 100 and theSCR catalyst 52 an appropriate distance.

Though the material of the exhaust pipe 51 is not especially limited, amaterial where corrosion by the exhaust gas is less likely to occur ispreferable. As the material of the exhaust pipe 51, for example,stainless steel and the like are preferable.

The reducing agent injection device 100 is a reducing agent injectiondevice of the present invention. The reducing agent injection device 100is mounted to the exhaust pipe 51 and injects ammonia into the exhaustpipe 51. By injection of ammonia into the exhaust pipe 51 from thereducing agent injection device 100, a mixed gas d of ammonia and theexhaust gas is generated in the exhaust pipe 51.

The exhaust gas treatment device 200 of the embodiment includes the SCRcatalyst 52 arranged on “the downstream side of the exhaust pipe 51 withrespect to the position where ammonia is injected.” The SCR catalyst 52is preferably arranged on the downstream side of the exhaust pipe 51 ina state of catalyzer 53 (SCR catalyst 52 loaded onto the ceramichoneycomb structure).

As the SCR catalyst 52, specifically, a vanadium-based catalyst, azeolite-based catalyst and the like can be included.

When the SCR catalyst 52 is used as a catalyzer 53 loaded onto thehoneycomb structure, the catalyzer 53 is housed in a storing container54, and the storing container 54 is preferably mounted on the downstreamside of the exhaust pipe 51.

The honeycomb structure 1 loading the SCR catalyst 52 is not especiallylimited, and a honeycomb structure known as “a ceramic honeycombstructure loading an SCR catalyst” can be used.

In an upstream side of the exhaust pipe 51, a filter for trappingparticulate matter in the exhaust gas is preferably arranged. As thefilter for trapping a particulate matter, for example, ahoneycomb-shaped ceramic diesel particulate filter (DPF) 55 can beincluded. Also, in the upstream side of the exhaust pipe 51, anoxidation catalyst 56 for removing hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide inthe exhaust gas is preferably arranged. The oxidation catalyst ispreferably in a state of being loaded onto the ceramic honeycombstructure (oxidation catalyzer). As the oxidation catalyst, noble metalssuch as platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), and rhodium (Rh) are suitablyused.

On the downstream side of the SCR catalyst 52, an ammonia removalcatalyst (oxidation catalyst) for removing ammonia is preferablyarranged. This prevents ammonia from being discharged outside when extraammonia not used for removal of NO_(X) in the exhaust gas flows on thedownstream side. As the oxidation catalyst, noble metals such asplatinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), and rhodium (Rh) are suitably used.

(5) Exhaust Gas Treatment Method:

One embodiment of an exhaust gas treatment method of the presentinvention is a method that flows the exhaust gas c into the exhaust pipe51, injects the ammonia b into the exhaust gas c, and performs areduction treatment of the mixed gas by the SCR catalyst 52, by usingthe one embodiment (exhaust gas treatment device 200) of the presentinvention shown in FIG. 3. This allows an exhaust gas e after NO_(X)removal to be obtained. The above-described exhaust gas c containsNO_(X). The above-described mixed gas is “the exhaust gas with ammoniabeing mixed,” and is the mixed gas d of ammonia and the exhaust gas. Theammonia b is injected by the reducing agent injection device 100.

An injection amount of ammonia injected from the reducing agentinjection device 100 is preferably 1.0 to 2.0 in terms of theequivalence ratio with respect to the amount of nitrogen oxide containedin the exhaust gas. When the injection amount of ammonia is less than1.0 in terms of the equivalence ratio, the amount of nitrogen oxidedischarged without being purified may increase. When the injectionamount of ammonia exceeds 2.0 in terms of the equivalence ratio, it maybe more likely that the exhaust gas is discharged with ammonia mixed inthe exhaust gas.

The spraying amount of the urea water solution and the temperature(applied voltage) of the honeycomb structure 1 are preferably controlledby the electronic control device. Preferably, the temperature of thehoneycomb structure 1 is calculated from the resistance value of thehoneycomb structure 1 and is controlled such that the calculatedtemperature becomes desired temperature.

EXAMPLES

The following describes the present invention more specifically withexamples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1

A reducing agent injection device 100 as shown in FIG. 1 wasmanufactured. It is specifically described as follows. First, ahoneycomb structure 1 was prepared.

The silicon carbide (SiC) powder and metal silicon (Si) powder weremixed in a mass ratio of 70:30 to prepare a ceramic raw material. Then,hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose as a binder and a water absorbable resinas a pore former were added to the ceramic raw material, and water wasadded together to prepare a forming raw material. Then, the forming rawmaterial was kneaded by a vacuum pugmill to form a round pillar-shapedkneaded material. The content of the binder was 7 parts by mass when theceramic raw material was 100 parts by mass. The content of the poreformer was 3 parts by mass when the ceramic raw material was 100 partsby mass. The content of water was 42 parts by mass when the ceramic rawmaterial was 100 parts by mass. The average particle diameter of thesilicon carbide powder was 20 μm, and the average particle diameter ofthe metal silicon powder was 6 μm. The average particle diameter of thepore former was 20 μm. The average particle diameters of the siliconcarbide, the metal silicon and the pore former were the values measuredby laser diffraction method.

The obtained round pillar-shaped kneaded material was formed using anextruder to obtain a square pillar-shaped (a pillar shape in which crosssection perpendicular to the cell extending direction is square)honeycomb formed body. After the obtained honeycomb formed body wasdried by high frequency dielectric heating, the obtained honeycombformed body was dried at 120° C. for 2 hours by use of a hot-air dryingmachine, and both end faces were cut as much as predetermined amounts.

Next, the silicon carbide (SiC) powder and metal silicon (Si) powderwere mixed in the mass ratio of 60:40 to prepare the ceramic rawmaterial for the electrode member. Then, hydroxypropyl methyl celluloseas the binder, glycerin as a moisturizing agent, and a surfactant as adispersing agent were added to the ceramic raw material for theelectrode member, and water was added together to mix. The mixture waskneaded to prepare an electrode member forming raw material.

Next, the electrode member forming raw material was applied in a bandshape over two parallel surfaces in the side surfaces of the driedhoneycomb formed body. The electrode member forming raw material wasapplied in a band shape over one side surface among “the side surfaces(four side surfaces) having four planes” of the dried honeycomb formedbody, and was also applied in a band shape over one side surfaceparallel to this “applied side surface.” The shape (circumference shape)of the electrode member forming raw material applied over the sidesurface of the honeycomb formed body was a rectangular shape.

Next, the electrode member forming raw material applied to the honeycombformed body was dried. The drying condition was 70° C.

Next, by using the same material as an electrode forming material, anelectrode terminal projecting portion forming member was obtained.

Next, each of two electrode terminal projecting portion forming memberswas laminated to the respective portions, where the electrode memberforming raw material was applied, of two places of the honeycomb formedbody, respectively. Afterwards, the honeycomb formed body was degreased,fired, and further underwent oxidation treatment to obtain the honeycombstructure 1. The degreasing condition was set at 550° C. for 3 hours.The firing condition was set at 1,450° C. for 2 hours, under the argonatmosphere. The oxidation treatment condition was set at 1,300° C. for 1hour.

The thickness (rib thickness) of the partition walls 15 of the obtainedhoneycomb structure 1 was 0.127 mm (5 mil), and the cell pitch was 1.037mm. Also, the hydraulic diameter was 0.91 mm. The shape of the honeycombstructure 1 was a pillar shape with a square bottom surface. One side ofthe bottom surface of the honeycomb structure 1 was 30 mm. The length inthe cell extending direction of the honeycomb structure 1 was 25 mm. Theelectrical resistivity of the electrode member was 0.1 Ωcm, and theelectrical resistivity of the honeycomb structure body 11 was 1.4 Ωcm.

Furthermore, copper zeolite was loaded onto the honeycomb structure 1 asa urea hydrolysis catalyst.

An outer cylinder 4 was formed with a stainless steel. In the outercircumference of the outer cylinder 4, two connectors for electricalwiring were mounted. The honeycomb structure 1 was inserted into theouter cylinder 4 and secured by an insulation supporting member. Then,the electrode terminal projecting portions of the honeycomb structure 1were connected to the connectors in the outer cylinder 4 by electricalwiring. A urea spraying device 2 of a solenoid type was mounted insidethe inlet side end portion of the outer cylinder 4 to obtain a reducingagent injection device 100.

Examples 2 to 6, Comparative Examples 1 to 5

Also as to Examples 2 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5, a honeycombstructure 1 was prepared in the same manner as Example 1. The size isshown in Table 1.

The reducing agent injection device 100 as shown in FIG. 1 wasmanufactured, and the honeycomb structure 1 was energized to generateammonia, then the generation amount of ammonia and the presence orabsence of the generation of deposit were investigated. In addition,also for the case where the honeycomb structure 1 was not energized, thepresence or absence of the generation of deposit was investigated.Deposit was investigated after performing an experiment for 30 minuteswith an amount of urea added of 3.0 g/min. The case where deposit wasnot generated is shown by A, and the case where deposit was generated isshown by B, and the experiment result is shown in Table 1. As to thegeneration amount of ammonia, NH₃ concentration in an injection port 23of the reducing agent injection device 100 was measured using an FTIRgas analyzer. As to the generation of deposit, the first end face 13 ofthe honeycomb structure 1 was visually observed, and judged the presenceor absence of deposit. Also, as to the inside of the honeycomb structure1, the presence or absence of deposit was determined by X-ray CT(Computed Tomography) observation.

TABLE 1 Heater cell structure Result Amount Cell Energized of urea RibCell opening Hydraulic Electric Generation Not added thickness Number ofpitch width diameter power amount of NH₃ energized (g/min) (mil) cells(cpsi) OFA (%) (mm) (mm) (mm) (W) Deposit (ppm) Deposit Comparative 3 5400 81 1.27 1.143 1.143 400 B 620 A Example 1 Example 1 3 5 600 77 1.0370.91 0.91 400 A 650 A Comparative 3 5 800 73.7 0.898 0.771 0.771 400 A650 B Example 2 Example 2 3 10 200 73.7 1.796 1.542 1.542 400 A 600 AExample 3 3 12 300 62.8 1.466 1.162 1.162 400 A 620 A Comparative 3 15100 74 2.729 2.348 2.348 400 A 560 A Example 3 Example 4 3 15 150 66.62.074 1.693 1.693 400 A 600 A Example 5 3 15 200 62.1 1.796 1.415 1.415400 A 610 A Example 6 3 15 300 54.8 1.466 1.085 1.085 400 A 620 AComparative 3 20 300 42.7 1.466 0.958 0.958 400 B 650 A Example 4Comparative 3 20 300 42.7 1.466 0.958 0.958 500 B 650 A Example 5

The hydraulic diameter HD of the honeycomb structure 1 is 0.8 to 2.0 mm,and deposit was not generated in Examples 1 to 6 in which the openfrontal area OFA was 45 to 80%. On the other hand, deposit was generatedwhen energized in Comparative Examples 1, 4 and 5 in which the openfrontal area OFA was out of 45 to 80%. Deposit was generated when notenergized in Comparative Example 2 in which the hydraulic diameter HDwas out of 0.8 to 2.0 mm. The urea decomposition efficiency was loweredin Comparative Example 3 in which the hydraulic diameter HD was out of0.8 to 2.0 mm.

The reducing agent injection device and exhaust gas treatment device ofthe present invention can be suitably used to purify nitrogen oxides(NO_(X)) in an exhaust gas discharged from various kinds of engines andthe like.

DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

1: honeycomb structure, 2: urea spraying device, 3: urea spraying space,4: outer cylinder, 5: insulation supporting portion, 6: connector, 7:electrical wiring, 11: honeycomb structure body, 12: electrode member,13: first end face, 14: second end face, 15: partition wall, 16: cell,17: circumferential wall, 18: electrode terminal projecting portion, 21:inlet side end portion (of outer cylinder), 22: outlet side end portion(of outer cylinder), 23: injection port, 40: urea hydrolysis catalyst,51: exhaust pipe, 52: SCR catalyst, 53: catalyzer, 54: storingcontainer, 55: DPF, 56: oxidation catalyst, 100: reducing agentinjection device, 200: exhaust gas treatment device, a: urea watersolution sprayed from urea spraying device, b: ammonia, c: exhaust gas,d: mixed gas of ammonia and exhaust gas, e: exhaust gas after removal ofNO_(X)

What is claimed is:
 1. A reducing agent injection device, comprising: ahoneycomb structure that has an electrically heated pillar-shapedhoneycomb structure body having partition walls defining and forming aplurality of cells which is through channels of a fluid and extends froma first end face being an end face on an inflow side of the fluid to asecond end face being an end face on an outflow side of the fluid, andthat has at least a pair of electrode members arranged in a side surfaceof the electrically heated pillar-shaped honeycomb structure body; and aurea spraying device that sprays a urea water solution in mist form,wherein each of the pair of electrode members is formed in a band shapeextending to a cell extending direction of the electrically heatedpillar-shaped honeycomb structure body, and, in the cross sectionperpendicular to the cell extending direction, one electrode member ofthe pair of electrode members is arranged on an opposite side of theother electrode member of the pair of electrode members with respect toa center of the electrically heated pillar-shaped honeycomb structurebody sandwiched by the pair of electrode members, the hydraulic diameterHD, defined as HD=4×S/C, when the area of the cross section of one ofthe cells in the cross section perpendicular to the cell extendingdirection is S, and the peripheral length of the cross section of one ofthe cells is C, is 0.8 to 2.0 mm, the open frontal area OFA of thehoneycomb structure in the cross section perpendicular to the cellextending direction is 45 to 80%, and the urea water solution sprayedfrom the urea spraying device is supplied into the cells from the firstend face of the electrically heated pillar-shaped honeycomb structurebody, and urea in the urea water solution supplied into the cells isheated and hydrolyzed in the electrically heated pillar-shaped honeycombstructure body to generate ammonia, and the ammonia is dischargedoutside the electrically heated pillar-shaped honeycomb structure bodyfrom the second end face and is ejected outside.
 2. An exhaust gastreatment device, comprising: an exhaust pipe that flows an exhaust gascontaining NO_(X); the reducing agent injection device as defined inclaim 1 that injects the ammonia into the exhaust pipe; and an SCRcatalyst arranged on a downstream side of the exhaust pipe with respectto a position where the ammonia is injected.